What Types Of Dwarf Star Are There, youtube mp3 indir
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What Types Of Dwarf Star Are There?
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As we mentioned earlier, main sequence stars are classified as dwarf stars, it’s logical to say that most of the stars in the observable universe are dwarf stars, since they are in the main sequence of their life cycle. The main sequence phase is the longest phase in the lifetime of any star, the characteristic feature of this phase is the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium in the star’s core. The star usually gets cooler, brighter and bigger once it runs out of the hydrogen fuel in its core; therefore any typical star gets bigger before dying. Although the main sequence stars are referred to as dwarf stars, they are quite large, even some of them are several times larger than our sun. Our sun is classified as a G2V star where G2 refers to a photosphere temperature of 5,500 celsius and V refers to its dwarf status. There are some special dwarf classifications that designate small classes of stars; for example, red dwarfs, brown dwarfs, yellow dwarfs and white dwarfs.
1- Red dwarfs, which are the smallest and coolest stars in the main sequence. Additionally, they are the most common type of dwarf stars in the Milky Way, in fact they constitute three-quarters of the milky way, however, they cannot be easily observed due to their extremely low luminosity. The closest red dwarf to Earth is Proxima Centauri, located in the southern constellation of Centaurus. Red dwarfs are very low mass stars with masses about 7.5% of the solar mass and 9% solar radii. These conditions result in low gravitational pressure which in turn leads to low thermonuclear fusion rates that eventually lead to low temperatures. The proton proton chain mechanism is the way by which hydrogen is fused to helium which releases tremendous amounts of energy ,mainly, via convection. However, helium does not accumulate in the core of low mass red dwarfs since they are very convective, which makes them burn large proportions of hydrogen before leaving the main sequence phase. The low nuclear fusion rates in the core along with the convective feature of the low mass red dwarfs result in their extremely long lifespans which are approximated to be longer than the age of the entire universe.
2- Brown dwarfs, whose masses are less than 0.08 solar masses, the internal temperature and pressure of the protostar is insufficient to induce thermonuclear fusion that is necessary to fuse hydrogen into helium which makes the protostar a failed star and it’s called a brown dwarf, midway between Jupiter and any regular star. To illustrate this, stars radiate light and energy due to the fusion of hydrogen into helium in their core. However, the temperature of the core must be a least three million kelvins for the nuclear fusion to occur. And due to the fact that the core temperature increases with increasing gravitational pressure, the mass of the protostar must be at least 75 Jovian masses or 0.08 solar masses. The dwarf star barely marks that limit, it’s more massive than any observed supergiant gas planets and not massive enough to be a star. Despite the fact that they are named brown dwarfs, their colors vary and take a wide range such as orange, red or even mostly magenta. The existence of brown dwarfs was theorized by Shiv S.Kumar in the 1960s, in his theory, Kumar named them balck dwarfs and defined them as dark substellar objects floating freely in space that were not massive enough to sustain hydrogen fusion.
3- Yellow Dwarfs..
4- White Dwarfs,
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