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Changing States of Matter
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https://ngscience.com
Learn about the processes that take place when matter is heated and cooled as it changes states. Head to ngscience.com for a range of related videos and other resources suitable for use in the classroom or at home.
The Changing States of Water
Most matter changes state when it is heated or cooled. Some matter requires large increases or decreases in temperature before it changes state. Gold is a solid at room temperature. It needs to be heated to over 1,000oC (1,832oF) before it begins to melt. Other matter can change state more easily.
On Earth, water exists in three states – as solid ice, liquid water and as the gas water vapor. Let’s take a look at the temperature changes that must take place for water to change from one state to another.
At room temperature, water is in a liquid state. When water is cooled to 0oC (32oF), it begins to change into solid ice. This process is called freezing and the temperature at which this occurs is called its freezing point. So, the freezing point of water is 0oC.
At temperatures below 0oC, ice will remain in its solid state. If ice is heated, it can change from a solid to a liquid. The process in which matter changes from a solid to a liquid is called melting. The temperature at which this begins to occur is called the melting point. The melting point of matter is the same as its freezing point. So ice has a melting point, 0oC (32oF).
When water is heated it changes from a liquid into the gas water vapor. This process, called evaporation, occurs more rapidly the more water is heated. At 100oC (212oF), water begins to boil. Boiling is the process by which a liquid rapidly changes into a gas. When water boils, it changes into an invisible gas called steam. The temperature of a boiling liquid does not increase, even when more heat is added.
Have you ever noticed water droplets form on the side of a cold glass of water? The droplets of water form when water vapor in the air cools as it comes in contact with the cold glass. This process of changing from a gas to a liquid is called condensation. Condensation can occur at any temperature.